Kunming - Montreal GBF

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Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)

  • The parties to the CBD analyzed the reasons behind the shortcomings of the previous Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 (also known as the Aichi Targets). They identified the lack of effective implementation mechanisms and the failure to mobilize action across all sectors of society as key causes. As a result, during the 14th Conference of the Parties (COP) in 2018, they agreed to set more ambitious targets.
  • After four years of discussions (2019-2022), the 'Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework* ' (hereinafter referred to as the 'Framework') was adopted at the 15th COP in December 2022.
    * 

    The framework, tentatively known as a post-2020 global biodiversity framework (post-2020 GBF), was named after the two host cities in China and Canada-Kunming and Montreal. As Kunming was unable to host the physical meeting of COP 15 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was decided that the meeting would take place at the seat of the Secretariat, which is Montreal, Canada.

  • The Framework emphasizes transformative action across all societal and economic sectors to achieve the vision of living in harmony with nature by 2050. It includes four goals to be achieved by 2050, 23 targets for 2030, and guidelines for implementation, assessment, and other related matters.
  • Compared to the previous strategic plan, the Framework adopts more specific and ambitious targets by 2023, including 30% of terrestrial, coastal and marine areas covered by protected areas, 30% of priority restoration areas under restoration, reduction of the negative environmental impacts from excess nutrients, pesticide use, and other harmful chemicals, and 50% reduction in the introduction and establishment of invasive alien species.
  • Regarding financing, by 2030, the parties to the CBD aim to gradually reduce or reform subsidies harmful for biodiversity by at least $500 billion annually. As specified in Target 19, the parties will mobilize at least $200 billion annually from all sources, including both public and private sectors. International financial flows to support developing countries will increase by at least $20 billion annually by 2025 and by at least $30 billion annually from 2026 to 2030.
Vision2050 Vision
Living in harmony with nature
Goals2050 Goals
  • A

    Protect and Restore

  • B

    Prosper with Nature

  • C

    Share Benefits Fairly

  • D

    Invest and Collaborate

2030 Action Targets
Reducing threats to biodiversity
  1. 01Plan and Manage all Areas To Reduce Biodiversity Loss
  2. 02Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems
  3. 03Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas
  4. 04Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts
  5. 05Ensure Sustainable, Safe and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species
  6. 06Reduce the Introduction of Invasive Alien Species by 50% and Minimize Their Impact
  7. 07Reduce Pollution to Levels That Are Not Harmful to Biodiversity
  8. 08Minimize the Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Build Resilience
Meeting people’s needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing
  1. 09Manage Wild Species Sustainably To Benefit People
  2. 10Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry
  3. 11Restore, Maintain and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People
  4. 12Enhance Green Spaces and Urban Planning for Human Well-Being and Biodiversity
  5. 13Increase the Sharing of Benefits From Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information and Traditional Knowledge
Tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming
  1. 14Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level
  2. 15Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
  3. 16Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption
  4. 17Strengthen Biosafety and Distribute the Benefits of Biotechnology
  5. 18Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity
  6. 19Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance
  7. 20Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity
  8. 21Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
  9. 22Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
  10. 23Ensure Gender Equality and a Gender-Responsive Approach for Biodiversity Action
Implementation, Monitoring and Review
Incorporate the contents of the GBF into the National Biodiversity Strategy, establish a global implementation monitoring system, and conduct indicator-based monitoring and evaluation